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Makale Bilgileri<\/p>\n
Yazar: S\u00fcleyman D\u00f6nmez<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fl\u0131k: \u201cBir Mefhum Olarak Medeniyet Meselesi\u201d<\/p>\n
Yay\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131 Dergi: T\u00fcrk D\u00fcnyas\u0131 Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131<\/p>\n
Cilt \/ Say\u0131: 126 \/ 249<\/p>\n
Sayfa: 241-254<\/p>\n
Yay\u0131m Tarihi: Aral\u0131k 2020<\/p>\n
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Uygarl\u0131k be\u015fer\u00eedir; medeniyet ise insan\u00ee. Be\u015fer ve insan kavramlar\u0131, e\u015f anlaml\u0131 kelimeler de\u011fildirler. \u00d6zellikle bir ahl\u00e2k varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak insan\u0131n medeniyetin asl\u00ee unsuru olmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan iki kavram\u0131n anlam i\u00e7erikleri b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda farkl\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f durumdad\u0131r. \u0130nsan, elbette be\u015ferdir. Lakin be\u015fer olmak insan olmaya yetmemektedir.<\/p>\n
Be\u015fer, insan\u0131n di\u011fer canl\u0131lara benzeyen taraf\u0131d\u0131r. Organik, fizyolojik \u00f6zellikleri i\u00e7ine al\u0131r. Tasavvuf\u00ee anlamda insan\u0131n nefsan\u00ee y\u00f6n\u00fcd\u00fcr. Eskiler ona i\u015ftaha da derlerdi. Yemek, i\u00e7mek, cinsellik, vehim gibi d\u00fcrt\u00fcler insan\u0131n be\u015fer\u00ee yakas\u0131d\u0131r. Madd\u00ee-boyutu \u00f6nceler. Ancak insan, sadece be\u015fer\u00ee niteliklerden ibaret bir varolan (mevcut) de\u011fildir. \u00d6tesi vard\u0131r. insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 be\u015fer olu\u015fuyla de\u011fil, onu be\u015ferlikten insanl\u0131\u011fa a\u015f\u0131ran manev\u00ee varolu\u015fuyla kazan\u0131r. Bu nedenle insan, varolu\u015fuyla varolan\u0131 a\u015fan bir m\u00e2n\u00e2 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
M\u00e2n\u00e2, fizik\u00f6tesidir. Fizik\u00f6tesi (metafizik), fiziksel olan\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 olarak alg\u0131lanmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Fizik ve metafizik, bir b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcn iki yakas\u0131d\u0131r.17 Medeniyet \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlememizde madde ile m\u00e2n\u00e2 b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flayan bir varolan olarak insan, ahl\u00e2k a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan temellendirilmektedir. Elbet insan\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131, ahl\u00e2kla s\u0131n\u0131rlanamaz. Bu nedenle temellendirmemiz, ahl\u00e2k noktainazar\u0131ndan da olsa, esasen b\u00fct\u00fcnden kopmayan bir \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmedir. Fark, ortak kavramlara y\u00fckledi\u011fimiz anlamda tezah\u00fcr etmektedir. Anlamland\u0131rma ise m\u00e2n\u00e2 esas\u0131nda kavram\u0131n safla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131larak mefhumla\u015fmas\u0131na dayanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Medeniyet bir ahlak ve inan\u00e7 nizam\u0131d\u0131r. Uygarl\u0131k ise bilim ile teknolojiye dayan\u0131r.18 Bir ahlak ve inan\u00e7 nizam\u0131n\u0131n bilim ile teknoloji d\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011fu iddia edilemez. Bilim ve teknoloji, ahlak ve inan\u00e7 ile bar\u0131\u015f\u0131k ise, medeniyete y\u00fckselir. Bilim ve teknoloji g\u00f6reli geli\u015fmi\u015fliklerdir. Elbette burada birikimci ve ilerlemeci bir yap\u0131 s\u00f6z konusudur. Ama bu y\u0131\u011f\u0131lma ve ilerleme \u00f6ncesini ilkel ve geri kalm\u0131\u015f olarak g\u00f6rmeye yetmez. Her devir kendi bilimini ve teknolojisini \u00fcretmi\u015ftir. Her devrin de bir ahlak\u0131 ve inan\u00e7lar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. \u0130nan\u00e7lar ile ahlak\u0131n denetiminde ilerleyen bir bilim ile teknoloji medeniyeti kurmu\u015ftur. Teknoloji ile bilimin kontrol\u00fcnde inan\u00e7lar\u0131 ve ahl\u00e2k\u0131 d\u0131\u015flayan ilerleme ise uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 do\u011furmu\u015ftur. \u0130nan\u00e7lar\u0131 ve ahl\u00e2k\u0131 d\u00fczeltmek ve d\u00fczenlemek yerine d\u0131\u015flayarak bilimsel de olsa teknik ilerlemeyi ve ilerlemi\u015f olmay\u0131 esas kabul eden bir anlay\u0131\u015f ile ontik durumun medeniyet olay\u0131 ile \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemektedir. Zira ifade edildi\u011fi gibi, medeniyetin \u00f6z\u00fc bir inan\u00e7 ve ahl\u00e2k nizam\u0131 olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bunun anlam\u0131 toplumsall\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve evrenselli\u011fi hedefleyen insan merkezli bir d\u00fczenliliktir. Hedefi b\u00fct\u00fcn insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n huzuru ve mutlulu\u011fudur. Bunu ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilmek i\u00e7in ilim ve bilgi esast\u0131r. L\u00e2kin ilim ve bilgi hedeflenen ama\u00e7 do\u011frultusunda in\u015fa edilir ve kullan\u0131ma sunulur. \u00d6yle ki, meden\u00ee bir toplumda hak ve adalet ayr\u0131m yapmaks\u0131z\u0131n hayat\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130nan\u00e7, ibadet, fikir ve vicdan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc vard\u0131r. Bar\u0131\u015f ve karde\u015flik ilkesi caridir. \u0130yilik emredilir, k\u00f6t\u00fcl\u00fckten sak\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Samimiyet, d\u00fcr\u00fcstl\u00fck, kolayla\u015ft\u0131rma, m\u00fcsamaha toplumsal dayan\u0131\u015fman\u0131n dinamikleridir.19<\/p>\n
Medeniyetten kopmu\u015f bir uygarl\u0131k i\u00e7in yukarda say\u0131lan nitelikler, \u00fctopyadan ibarettir. Ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyada kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur. S\u00f6ylemden ibarettir. Uygarl\u0131klar\u0131n \u00e7eli\u015fkisi, \u00fctopya ya da ger\u00e7ekd\u0131\u015f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen medeniyet tasavvuruna s\u00f6ylem ba\u011flam\u0131nda sahip \u00e7\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Elbette s\u00f6ylem ger\u00e7e\u011fi yans\u0131tmamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6yle ki, ger\u00e7ek, ger\u00e7ekten kayg\u0131 vericidir. Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n temel vasf\u0131 olan bilim ve teknoloji, art\u0131k masum de\u011fildir. Y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 bir g\u00fcce d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Uygarl\u0131k insan\u0131 ihmal etmi\u015ftir. Do\u011fay\u0131 hoyrat\u00e7a kullanmak istemektedir. Zarar vermekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmamaktad\u0131r. Art\u0131k gerek insan gerek do\u011fa uygar d\u00fcnyada kutsall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015ftir. Bu nedenle uygarl\u0131kta insana yer yoktur. \u00d6yle ki, uygarl\u0131k be\u015fer\u00ee bir hamle ve ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imidir. Be\u015fer, s\u00f6zl\u00fcklerin yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi insan mefhumunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011fildir. Be\u015fer, madd\u00ee y\u00f6n\u00fc a\u011f\u0131r basan bir varl\u0131kt\u0131r. \u0130nsan ise bir m\u00e2n\u00e2 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r.20 Bu nedenle uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131n be\u015feri, bencildir. \u015eiddet yanl\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecidir.21 Bu durumda uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131m medeniyetten ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 elzem g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir.<\/p>\n
Tezin tamam\u0131n\u0131 okumak i\u00e7in buraya t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z B\u0130R MEFHUM OLARAK MEDEN\u0130YET MESELES\u0130<\/a><\/p>\n Anahtar Kelimeler<\/strong><\/p>\n medeniyet<\/a>,\u00a0kavram<\/a>,\u00a0ahlak<\/a>,\u00a0teknoloji<\/a><\/p>\n