Ba\u015fl\u0131k<\/strong> Tez T\u00fcr\u00fc<\/strong> Haz\u0131rlayan<\/strong> Tez Dan\u0131\u015fman\u0131<\/strong> \u00dcniversite ve Yay\u0131n Y\u0131l\u0131<\/strong> Tang imparatorlu\u011fu \u00c7in\u2019in Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs\u00e7\u00fc co\u011frafyas\u0131nda di\u011fer t\u00fcm yabanc\u0131 dinlere \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck veren ilk hanedanl\u0131k olmas\u0131 nedeniyle \u00c7in \u0130slam tarihinde \u00f6nemli bir ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 noktas\u0131d\u0131r. Tang ve Song hanedan\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerinde \u0130slam dininin ilkeleri, Konf\u00fc\u00e7y\u00fcs felsefesi ile uyum i\u00e7inde yerel Han\u2019larla \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmadan hayatiyetini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu iki d\u00f6nemde M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n evlenmesine ve onlar gibi giyinip ku\u015fanmas\u0131na izin verilmemi\u015f fakat M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar geleneksel giyim ku\u015fam, yiyecek, i\u00e7ecek, din ve ibadet gibi konularda serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Kendi aralar\u0131nda Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7a konu\u015ftuklar\u0131 halde ticarette \u00c7ince dilini kullanmay\u0131 tercih etmi\u015flerdir. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel etkile\u015fimin olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu d\u00f6nem M\u00fcsl\u00fcman k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn misafirlik ve adaptasyon d\u00f6nemidir.<\/p>\n Tang d\u00f6neminde misafir olan yabanc\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc Song d\u00f6neminde hala misafir kabul edilmi\u015f fakat M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrel durumlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fiklikler olmu\u015ftur. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman tacirin zenginle\u015fmesi neticesinde Song Hanedan\u0131 onlara toprak sat\u0131n alma, \u00c7inlilerle ve saray mensuplar\u0131yla evlenmelerine, kimsesiz \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 evlat edinmelerine izin vermi\u015ftir. N\u00fcfuslar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011falan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, dinleri ile uyumlu olan baz\u0131 \u00c7in k\u00fclt\u00fcr ve geleneklerini kabul ederek \u00c7in k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne adapte olmu\u015f, sosyal ve ekonomik a\u00e7\u0131dan toplumun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak \u00c7in\u2019in t\u00fcm b\u00f6lgelerine da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Yuan d\u00f6nemi Bat\u0131dan g\u00f6\u00e7 eden M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Arap, Fars ve T\u00fcrk k\u00f6kenli \u00e7e\u015fitli t\u00fcrden zanaatkar, m\u00fchendis, doktor, astronom gibi insanlar\u0131n hanedanl\u0131\u011fa kat\u0131lmas\u0131yla M\u00fcsl\u00fcman k\u00fclt\u00fcr ile yerel k\u00fclt\u00fcr yo\u011fun etkile\u015fime ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Bu d\u00f6nemde M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar sadece tacir olarak de\u011fil, \u00c7in\u2019in omurgas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fkil eden devlet y\u00f6netiminde en \u00fcst kademelerinde g\u00f6rev yapan, idari sistemde s\u00f6z sahibi Mo\u011follardan sonra imtiyazl\u0131 bir topluluk olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu hanedan zaman\u0131nda \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir kararname ile \u00c7inli stat\u00fcs\u00fcne kavu\u015fmu\u015flar, \u00c7in yerel k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne t\u0131p, dil, ibadet, g\u00fcnl\u00fck hayat, e\u011fitim, sanat ve astronomi alan\u0131nda katk\u0131da bulunmu\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n Ming d\u00f6nemi kimli\u011fini sakl\u0131 tutan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kral Zhu Yuanzhang\u2019\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n Han\u2019larla \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek amac\u0131yla yerel k\u00fclt\u00fcre entegre ettigi \u00c7inlile\u015fme d\u00f6nemidir. Ming d\u00f6nemi \u00c7in\u2019de M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar i\u00e7in Zhu Yuanzhang\u2019\u0131n ince siyasetiyle, \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ferman ve kanunlarla, cenaze, evlenme, helal kesim, i\u00e7ki yasaklar\u0131 gibi konular\u0131 yerle\u015ftirildi\u011fi ve y\u00f6netimin t\u00fcm kademelerinde M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n hakim oldu\u011fu alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f olarak tarihte yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7inlile\u015fme olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7en entegrasyon s\u00fcreci ayn\u0131 zamanda M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n korunma d\u00f6nemi olup k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n sarayda ve y\u00f6netimde g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu bu d\u00f6nem ayn\u0131 zamanda Zhu Yuanzhang\u2019\u0131n nesli taraf\u0131ndan \u00c7in\u2019in G\u00fcney ve G\u00fcneydo\u011fu Asya\u2019da M\u00fcsl\u00fcman k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc yayma konusunda en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc oldu\u011fu d\u00f6nemdir.<\/p>\n \u00c7in M\u00fcsl\u00fcman k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc olarak ifade edilen kavram bireysel karakterlerini uzun s\u00fcre korumay\u0131 ba\u015faran \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00c7inli olmayan farkl\u0131 etnik gruplar\u0131n geleneklerinin bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131yd\u0131. \u00c7inlile\u015fmi\u015f M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar olarak ifade edilen bu az\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n en \u00f6nemli \u00f6zelli\u011fi, farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalardan, farkl\u0131 \u0131rklardan, farkl\u0131 dil ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerden gelmi\u015f olmalar\u0131 ve \u00c7in\u2019de \u0130slam dini etraf\u0131nda tek vucut halinde birle\u015ferek ihtida yoluyla \u00c7in\u2019de ve \u00c7in\u2019in G\u00fcney kom\u015fular\u0131nda dinlerini yayma \u00e7abalar\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Amiral Zheng He Deniz g\u00fcc\u00fc olarak o d\u00f6neme kadar g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015f donanmas\u0131yla M\u00fcsl\u00fcman k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc \u00c7in\u2019in G\u00fcney ve G\u00fcneybat\u0131 \u00fclkelerine ta\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u015f ve yerle\u015ftirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Alt\u0131n \u00e7a\u011f olarak an\u0131lan Ming d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar entegre olma s\u00fcrecinde \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131 Konf\u00fc\u00e7yanist k\u00fclt\u00fcrle yeti\u015ftirmi\u015f ve birka\u00e7 nesil sonra yeti\u015fen bu M\u00fcsl\u00fcman nesil dillerinden ve \u0130slami k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinden kopma ya\u015fayarak art\u0131k Konf\u00fc\u00e7yanizmi anlad\u0131klar\u0131 kadar \u0130slam\u0131 anlayamaz duruma gelmi\u015flerdir. \u00c7ince diline yerel halk ile ayn\u0131 seviyede hakim olan bu yeni nesile dinlerini onlar\u0131n anlayacaklar\u0131 dil ile hitap etmek gereklili\u011fi do\u011fmu\u015ftur. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u201cyabanc\u0131\u201d bir dinin ba\u015fka \u201cyabanc\u0131\u201d bir dil \u00fczerinden toplumunun anlayabilece\u011fi ve di\u011ferlerine anlatabilece\u011fi yerel baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n dinlerin terimlerini kullanma zorunlulu\u011fu olu\u015fmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Ming hanedan\u0131 d\u00f6nemi sonlar\u0131nda \u00c7in\u2019de \u0130slam alimleri bu konuya \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulmu\u015f, Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7a dini eserleri, Neo Konf\u00fc\u00e7yanist terimlerle a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131p \u00c7inceye \u00e7evirmek suretiyle yeni bir d\u00f6nemi ba\u015flatm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman alimler yazd\u0131klar\u0131 ve terc\u00fcme ettikleri kitaplarda \u0130slam’a \u00c7ince bir s\u00f6ylem kazand\u0131r\u0131rken Konf\u00fc\u00e7yanist terminolojiyi kullanm\u0131\u015f, Konf\u00fc\u00e7yanizm’in klasiklerinden al\u0131nt\u0131lar yaparak Taoizm ve Budizm’e ait terimleri de kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n \u0130slam dinine ait farkl\u0131 konular\u0131 muhtevi kitaplar Arap\u00e7a ve Fars\u00e7a\u2019dan \u00c7inceye terc\u00fcme edilmi\u015f Han kitab kolleksiyonu ad\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00c7ince konu\u015fan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n dinlerini ya\u015famalar\u0131 konusunda \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck hizmet etmi\u015ftir. \u00c7inlile\u015fmi\u015f M\u00fcsl\u00fcman alimlerin katk\u0131lar\u0131 olmasayd\u0131 belkide bug\u00fcn \u00c7in\u2019de atalar\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olan ve bug\u00fcn \u0130slami uygulamalardan uzak olarak belli \u015fehirlerde ya\u015fayan ve soyadlar\u0131ndan aile k\u00f6kenlerinin M\u00fcsl\u00fcman oldu\u011funu tespit edilen M\u00fcsl\u00fcman ailelerin say\u0131s\u0131 olduk\u00e7a fazla olacakt\u0131.<\/p>\n Entegrasyon s\u00fcreci sonunda M\u00fcsl\u00fcman alimlerin katk\u0131lar\u0131, \u00c7in\u2019de bug\u00fcn say\u0131lar\u0131 y\u00fcz milyon mertebesinde olan \u00c7inli M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinin ayakta kalmas\u0131n\u0131 temin etmi\u015ftir. \u00c7in ve G\u00fcneyinde bulunan \u00fclkeler \u00f6zellikle Ming d\u00f6neminde kimli\u011fini sakl\u0131 tutan M\u00fcsl\u00fcman kral Zhu Yuanzhang, neslinden gelen krallar, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman generaller ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman Amiral Hasan \u015eemsettin (Zheng He) gibi b\u00f6lgenin ihtida yoluyla M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanla\u015fmas\u0131na ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn b\u00f6lgeye yay\u0131lmas\u0131na hizmet eden ki\u015filerin izlerini h\u00e2l\u00e2 ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Tezin tamam\u0131n\u0131 okumak i\u00e7in buraya\u00a0t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z<\/a><\/p>\n
\n\u0130slam Medeniyetinin \u00c7in K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc \u00dczerine Etkileri 618\u20131644<\/p>\n
\nDoktora Tezi<\/p>\n
\nAziz Musa Parlakyi\u011fit<\/p>\n
\nProf Dr Seyfettin Er\u015fahin<\/p>\n
\nAnkara 2020<\/p>\n
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