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\n\u2551\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2551
\n\u2551\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 END\u00dcL\u00dcS MEDEN\u0130YET\u0130\u2019N\u0130N AVRUPA\u2019YA \u0130LM\u00ce ETK\u0130LER\u0130\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2551
\n\u2551\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Tez No :\u00a0 840892\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u2551
\n\u2551 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Yazar(lar): Enes \u015eANAL\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2551
\n\u2551\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00dcniversite: \u0130zmir K\u00e2tip \u00c7elebi \u00dcniversitesi\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2551
\n\u2551\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Enstit\u00fc: Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2551
\n\u2551\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Ana Bilim Dal\u0131: Tarih\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u2551
\n\u2551\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Tez T\u00fcr\u00fc: Doktora\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u2551
\n\u255a\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u2550\u255d<\/p>\n
\u00d6ZET<\/strong><\/p>\n Avrupa\u2019da M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar taraf\u0131ndan ele ge\u00e7irilen ilk b\u00f6lge olan ve yakla\u015f\u0131k sekiz as\u0131r \u0130sl\u00e2m idaresi alt\u0131nda kalan End\u00fcl\u00fcs co\u011frafyas\u0131 siyasi, sosyal, dini ve k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131s\u0131yla Orta\u00e7a\u011f Avrupa tarihinde \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir. \u0130sl\u00e2m, Hristiyanl\u0131k ve Yahudilik inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra muhtelif milletlerden insanlara ev sahipli\u011fi yapan End\u00fcl\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn \u00e7ok dinli ve \u00e7ok milletli n\u00fcfus yap\u0131s\u0131 bu co\u011frafyada farkl\u0131 geleneklerin bir araya gelmesiyle k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir medeniyetin in\u015fas\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. End\u00fcl\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn VIII. as\u0131rda \u0130sl\u00e2m h\u00e2kimiyeti alt\u0131na girmesini takip eden y\u0131llarda End\u00fcl\u00fcsl\u00fc \u00e2limler Do\u011fu \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fcnyas\u0131na (Ma\u015fr\u0131k) yapt\u0131klar\u0131 ilm\u00ee seyahatlerle (rihle) muhtelif bilim dallar\u0131nda kendilerini geli\u015ftirmekle kalmay\u0131p bilimsel faaliyetlerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri \u00fclkelerden \u00f6nemli eserleri beraberlerinde End\u00fcl\u00fcs\u2019e getirerek b\u00f6lgede ciddi bir bilgi birikiminin olu\u015fmas\u0131na \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck ettiler. Benzer \u015fekilde \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerinde ya\u015fayan \u00e2limlerin bilimsel faaliyetler y\u00fcr\u00fctmek \u00fczere End\u00fcl\u00fcs\u2019e yapt\u0131klar\u0131 seyahatlerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra End\u00fcl\u00fcsl\u00fc idarecilerin \u00e2limleri himaye ve bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 te\u015fvik etmeleri End\u00fcl\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli bilim havzalar\u0131ndan biri olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131.<\/p>\n End\u00fcl\u00fcs\u2019te t\u0131p, eczac\u0131l\u0131k, matematik, astronomi, felsefe ve teoloji gibi bilim dallar\u0131n\u0131n geli\u015fmesi, b\u00f6lgenin Do\u011fu ve Bat\u0131 \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki \u00e2limler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir ilm\u00ee cazibe merkezi haline gelmesini sa\u011flarken bilhassa X. as\u0131rdan itibaren End\u00fcl\u00fcs Medeniyeti, ba\u015fta Hristiyan \u0130spanya olmak \u00fczere Avrupa\u2019daki muhtelif bilim \u00e7evrelerinde de merak uyand\u0131rmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. End\u00fcl\u00fcs Medeniyeti\u2019nin Avrupa\u2019ya etkilerinin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131 genellikle Toledo Terc\u00fcmanlar Okulu (XII-XIII. as\u0131rlar) ile ili\u015fkilendirilse de tarihi kaynaklar bu s\u00fcrecin X. as\u0131rda ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret etmektedir. End\u00fcl\u00fcs\u2019\u00fcn ilm\u00ee y\u00f6nden ikbal \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 X. as\u0131rda baz\u0131 Avrupal\u0131 \u00e2limlerin burada geli\u015fen \u0130sl\u00e2m bilimlerine ilgi duyarak b\u00f6lgeyi ziyaret etmeleri bahsi ge\u00e7en ilm\u00ee etkile\u015fim s\u00fcrecinin ba\u015flamas\u0131na zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131. XII. asr\u0131n ilk \u00e7eyre\u011fine gelindi\u011finde bu ilgi daha da b\u00fcy\u00fcyerek ba\u015fta Toledo olmak \u00fczere \u0130ber Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019ndaki \u015fehirlerde Arap\u00e7a bilimsel eserlerin Latince ve di\u011fer Bat\u0131 dillerine terc\u00fcme edilmesiyle zirveye ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, Arap\u00e7a bilimsel eserlerin Toledo Terc\u00fcmanlar Okulu\u2019nda Latince, Kastilyaca ve \u0130branice gibi dillere terc\u00fcme edilmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1125 y\u0131l\u0131ndan \u0130sl\u00e2m bilimlerine ilgisiyle bilinen Kastilya-Leon Kral\u0131 X. Alfonso devrinin sonu olan 1284 y\u0131l\u0131na kadarki s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u0130sl\u00e2m bilimlerinin End\u00fcl\u00fcs \u00fczerinden Avrupa\u2019ya ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 ve takip eden y\u0131llarda bu bilgi birikiminin Avrupa\u2019daki bilim \u00e7evrelerine etkilerini tespit etmeyi ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Anahtar Kelimeler: End\u00fcl\u00fcs, \u0130spanya, Terc\u00fcme Faaliyetleri, Toledo Terc\u00fcmanlar Okulu, \u0130sl\u00e2m Bilimleri.<\/p>\n ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/p>\n Doctoral Thesis Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) The geography of al-Andalus, which was the first region conquered by Muslims in Europe and remained under Islamic rule for about eight centuries, has an important place in the history of Medieval Europe with its social, religious and cultural structure. The multi-religious and multi-national population structure of al- Andalus, which hosted people from various nations as well as Islam, Christianity and Judaism, contributed to the construction of a deep-rooted civilization by bringing together different traditions in this geography. In the years following al-Andalus\u2019 coming under Islamic rule in the 8th century, Andalusian scholars not only improved themselves in various disciplines through their scholarly travels (Rihla) to the eastern Islamic world (Mashriq), but also pioneered the formation of an intense accumulation of knowledge in the region by bringing important scientific works to al-Andalus from the countries where they carried out educational scientific activities. Similarly, scholars from different parts of the Islamic world traveled to al-Andalus to carry out scientific activities, and the Andalusian administrators\u2019 patronage of scholars and encouragement of scientific studies made al-Andalus one of the most important scientific basins of the Islamic world.<\/p>\n The development of sciences such as medicine, pharmacy, mathematics, astronomy, philosophy and theology in al-Andalus made the region an important cultural center of attraction for scholars in the Eastern and Western Islamic worlds, and especially from the 10th century onwards, Andalusian civilization began to arouse the curiosity of various scientific circles in Europe, especially in Christian Spain. Although the beginning of the influence of Andalusian civilization on Europe is usually associated with the Toledo School of Translators (12-13th Centuries), historical sources indicate that this process began in the 10th century. In the 10th century, when al-Andalus experienced a period of scientific prosperity, some European scholars visited the region with an interest in the Islamic sciences that were developing here, which paved the way for the beginning of the aforementioned process of scholarly interaction. In the first quarter of the 12th century, this interest had grown even more and reached its peak with the translation of Arabic scientific works into Latin and other Western languages in cities in the Iberian Peninsula, especially in Toledo.<\/p>\n This study aims to determine the transfer of Islamic sciences to Europe via al- Andalus from 1125, when Arabic scientific works began to be translated into Western languages such as Latin, Castilian and Hebrew at the Toledo School of Translators, until 1284, the end of the reign of King Alfonso X of Castile-Leon, known for his interest in Islamic sciences, and the effects of this accumulation of knowledge on the scientific circles in Europe in the following years.<\/p>\n Keywords: al-Andalus, Spain, Translation Activities, Toledo School of Translators, Islamic Sciences.<\/p>\n Tezin tamam\u0131n\u0131 okumak i\u00e7in buraya t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z END\u00dcL\u00dcS MEDEN\u0130YET\u0130\u2019N\u0130N AVRUPA\u2019YA \u0130LM\u00ce ETK\u0130LER\u0130<\/a><\/p>\n
\nScientific Effects of Andalusian Civilization on Europe (1125-1284) Enes \u015eANAL
\n\u0130zmir K\u00e2tip \u00c7elebi University Department of History<\/p>\n