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\nBa\u015fl\u0131k: Hz. Adem’den Hz. Muhammed’e \u0130slam Medeniyetine Etki Eden Do\u011fal Afetler
\n(The Islamic Prophet Muhammad the Prophet from Adam Medeniyetine Eden Effect of Natural Disasters)<\/p>\n
Yazar: Ali A\u011f\u0131rman
\nDan\u0131\u015fman: Prof. Mustafa A\u011f\u0131rman
\nYer Bilgisi: Atat\u00fcrk \u00dcniversitesi \/ Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc \/ \u0130slam Tarihi ve Sanatlar\u0131 Ana Bilim Dal\u0131<\/p>\n
Tez T\u00fcr\u00fc: Y\u00fcksek Lisans
\nDil: T\u00fcrk\u00e7e
\nTez Y\u0131l\u0131: 2014
\nTez No: 372374
\nSayfa Say\u0131s\u0131: 90<\/p>\n
Konu: Din (Religion)
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\u00d6NS\u00d6Z<\/strong><\/p>\n Do\u011fal \u00e2fetler insanlar\u0131n m\u00fcdahalesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen olaylard\u0131r. \u0130nsano\u011flu tarih boyunca bir\u00e7ok \u00e2fete maruz kalm\u0131\u015f ve hepsinden de olumsuz bir \u015fekilde etkilenmi\u015ftir. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n afetlerle tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 insanl\u0131k tarihiyle ya\u015f\u0131tt\u0131r. Bilinen en eski kay\u0131tlarda d\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 yerlerinde meydana gelen afetlerle ilgili bilgilere rastlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Vuku bulan bu afetlerde binlerce insan ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n B\u00fct\u00fcn Peygamberlerin konusunun ge\u00e7ti\u011fi co\u011frafyalarda, do\u011fal afet olarak en \u00e7ok k\u0131tl\u0131k, kurakl\u0131k ve bunlar\u0131n neticesi olarak salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Tezimizin ana konusu olmas\u0131 sebebiyle do\u011fal afetlerin, muhatab olunan yerlerin do\u011fal afetlere olan etkileri veya do\u011fal afetlerin konu edilen yerlere olan etkilerini detayl\u0131 incelemek i\u00e7in co\u011frafi \u015fekil ve iklimi tezimizin konusuna dahil ettik.<\/p>\n Tarihin her d\u00f6neminde insanl\u0131k do\u011fal afet olarak kabul edilen kurakl\u0131k ve onun do\u011fal bir sonucu olan k\u0131tl\u0131k hadiselerini ya\u015fam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n K\u0131tl\u0131klar meteorolojik etkenlere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak ne zaman, nerede ve hangi durumlarda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131 \u00f6nceden bilinmedi\u011fi ve \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl neticeler verdi\u011fi i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 zamanda bir afet olarak da de\u011ferlendirilir.<\/p>\n K\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na sebep olan olaylar olduk\u00e7a fazlad\u0131r ve bu olaylarda \u00e7o\u011fu kere bir do\u011fal afettir. Sel, yang\u0131n, kurakl\u0131k, deprem, \u00e7ekirge istilas\u0131, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 so\u011fuk ve s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n da k\u0131tl\u0131k hadiselerine yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca e\u015fk\u0131yal\u0131k olaylar\u0131, isyanlar ve harpler gibi siyasal ve sosyal olaylar\u0131n da k\u0131tl\u0131k hadiseleriyle yak\u0131n ili\u015fkisi vard\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr olaylar\u0131n arkas\u0131ndan da k\u0131tl\u0131klar ya\u015fanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu sebeple k\u0131tl\u0131k olaylar\u0131, bir do\u011fal afetle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmalar\u0131 durumunda insanlar\u0131n iradesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in do\u011fal afet olarak kabul edilir. Ancak, siyasi ve sosyal olaylar\u0131n sonucunda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 durumunda insanlar\u0131n iradesi d\u00e2hilinde oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bir afettir, ancak do\u011fal de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n Tarihi s\u00fcre\u00e7 i\u00e7erisinde d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde \u00e7e\u015fitli sebeplerden dolay\u0131 kurakl\u0131k ve onun tabi bir neticesi olan k\u0131tl\u0131k hadiseleri g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Do\u011fal afet olarak adland\u0131rabilece\u011fimiz kurakl\u0131k, etkisi alt\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 co\u011frafi alan\u0131n boyutuna g\u00f6re tesiri b\u00fcy\u00fck, orta veya k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7eklerde olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n Bu afetlerin neticesinde; g\u00f6\u00e7 hareketleri, yiyecek fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131, karaborsac\u0131l\u0131k, a\u00e7 kalan insanlar\u0131n hayatta kalabilmek i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015fik beslenme yollar\u0131 aramas\u0131, salg\u0131n hastal\u0131klar\u0131n zuhuru, a\u00e7l\u0131k veya a\u00e7l\u0131\u011f\u0131n sebep oldu\u011fu k\u00f6t\u00fc etkenlerden dolay\u0131 \u00f6l\u00fcm hadiseleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n K\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde, toplumu sosyo-iktisadi a\u00e7\u0131dan derinden etkilemi\u015f ve a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu yaralar\u0131n sar\u0131lmas\u0131 uzun y\u0131llar alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Kur’an-\u0131 Kerim’de, konu edilen kavimlerin helak\u0131n\u0131n Allah’\u0131n gazab\u0131 olarak ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ger\u00e7ektir. Bu kavimlerin helak\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fal afetler \u00fczerinden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz bilim adamlar\u0131n\u0131n incelemesiyle ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Allah (c.c.), bir toplulu\u011fa azab verece\u011fi zaman, o toplulu\u011fun co\u011frafi \u015fekil ve iklimine g\u00f6re afet verir. O topluluk kendilerini hangi alanda \u00fcst\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcyorlarsa Allah (c.c.) da o toplumu, \u00fcst\u00fcn g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri alanda cezaland\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Peygamberler Tarihi d\u00f6neminde ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f do\u011fal afetlerle ilgili \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131zda, konu ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 olaylara g\u00f6re s\u0131n\u0131flamad\u0131k. B\u00f6yle yapman\u0131n, konu b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan do\u011fru olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fck.<\/p>\n \u00d6zellikle Medine d\u00f6nemini ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, hicretin dokuzuncu y\u0131l\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki do\u011fal afetlerin belirtilmesinde belli bir konu s\u0131ralamas\u0131 yoktur. Zemzem Kuyusunun a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, konumuz dahilinde i\u015flememizin sebebi; do\u011fal dengeyi etkilemesi sebebiyledir. Kuyunun a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 insan eliyledir. Bu do\u011fal olaylara ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r. Ama Mekke’de olan kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 etkiledi\u011fi i\u00e7in tezimizde bu konuyu i\u015fledik.<\/p>\n Fil vakas\u0131, Kur’an’da ilahi gazap olarak ifade edilse de, biz buradaki ya\u015fanan olaylarda tabii do\u011fal dengenin etkisinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sebebiyle bu konuyu ele ald\u0131k. Ebrehe’nin Mekke \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcmesinin sebebi; Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Arabistan b\u00f6lgesinde yaymak ve kendi hakimiyetini kurmak i\u00e7indi.<\/p>\n Ebrehe’nin ordusunun bozguna u\u011framas\u0131, Arap medeniyeti a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli d\u00f6neme\u00e7tir. O olaydan sonra Mekke’nin \u00f6nemi daha da artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Teb\u00fck Seferine detayl\u0131 \u015fekilde de\u011finmemizin sebebi; seferin ba\u015f\u0131ndan sonuna kadar, s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve kurakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n bu seferi etkilemi\u015f olmas\u0131 sebebiyledir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc seferde ya\u015fanan olaylar\u0131n ana etkenlerinden birisi de kurakl\u0131k ve s\u0131cakl\u0131kt\u0131r.<\/p>\n Teb\u00fck Seferindeki mucizelere yer vermemizin sebebi, tezimizin konusu itibariyle, bu seferde ya\u015fanan s\u0131cakl\u0131k ve k\u0131tl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ne boyutlara vard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7indir. Peygamberimiz, \u00e7ok s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 durumlarda mucize g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Peygamberimiz, kendi \u00fcmmetinin kendisinden mucize istemesini yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Salih Peygamberin \u00fcmmetinin ba\u015f\u0131na gelenleri \u00f6rnek g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Onlar, Salih Peygamberden mucize g\u00f6stermesini istediler.<\/p>\n Mucizeyi g\u00f6r\u00fcnce \u00f6nce mucizeyi ink\u00e2r ettiler. Sonra, deveye zarar verdiklerinde kendilerine gazab\u0131n gelece\u011finin, onlara Salih Peygamber taraf\u0131ndan bildirilmesine ra\u011fmen deveyi \u00f6ld\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Ard\u0131ndan, gazap kendilerini bulmu\u015ftur. Peygamberimiz de, \u00fcmmetinin bu duruma d\u00fc\u015fmesinden endi\u015fe etti\u011finden, mucize istemelerini yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Humma hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 salg\u0131n hastal\u0131kt\u0131r. Peygamberimiz vefat etmeden \u00f6nce ate\u015fli humma hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na tutulmu\u015ftur. Bu hastal\u0131k sebebiyle; Peygamberimiz 632 y\u0131l\u0131nda m\u00fcbarek ruhunu teslim etmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n Tezin tamam\u0131n\u0131 okumak i\u00e7in buraya t\u0131klay\u0131n\u0131z: HZ. ADEM’DEN HZ. MUHAMMED’E \u0130SLAM MEDEN\u0130YET\u0130NE ETK\u0130 EDEN DO\u011eAL AFETLER<\/a><\/p>\n